Business High School
Answers
Answer 1
Calculate the mean for each asset by using the AVERAGE function and Calculate the Sharpe Ratio for each asset by dividing the mean by the standard deviation.
To find specific percentages on assets in Excel, you can use the following steps:
1. Input the asset allocations into a spreadsheet, with each asset in a separate column. For example, you could have columns for Asset A, Asset B, Asset C, and Asset D.
2. Calculate the mean for each asset by using the AVERAGE function. For example, to find the mean for Asset A, you could use the formula =AVERAGE(A2:A11).
3. Calculate the standard deviation for each asset by using the STDEV function. For example, to find the standard deviation for Asset A, you could use the formula =STDEV(A2:A11).
4. Calculate the skewness for each asset by using the SKEW function. For example, to find the skewness for Asset A, you could use the formula =SKEW(A2:A11).
5. Calculate the kurtosis for each asset by using the KURT function. For example, to find the kurtosis for Asset A, you could use the formula =KURT(A2:A11).
6. Calculate the Sharpe Ratio for each asset by dividing the mean by the standard deviation. For example, to find the Sharpe Ratio for Asset A, you could use the formula =AVERAGE(A2:A11)/STDEV(A2:A11).
7. To find the mean, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, and Sharpe Ratio for the portfolio, you can use the same formulas as above, but use the entire range of data for all four assets. For example, to find the mean for the portfolio, you could use the formula =AVERAGE(A2:D11).
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Related Questions
As part of the financial planning process, a common practice in the corporate finance world is restructuring through the process of mergers and acquisitions (M&A). It seems that on a regular basis, investment bankers arrange M&A transactions, forming one company from separate companies. What are the advantages and the disadvantages of a merger? In your response, provide an example of either - a merger that was successful, or one that was unsuccessful.
Answers
Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are a common practice in the corporate finance world, allowing companies to restructure and form one company from two or more separate entities.
There are advantages and disadvantages to mergers, which should be carefully considered before any decisions are made.
Advantages: Mergers can provide cost savings through economies of scale, as well as increased revenues due to greater market share. They can also provide access to new technologies and products, increased access to financing, and opportunities to expand geographically.
Disadvantages: Mergers can be expensive, time consuming, and often have unintended consequences. They can also lead to job losses and may bring with them cultural conflicts.
An example of a successful merger would be the merger of two major oil companies, BP and Amoco in 1998.
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Write a short note on managing change,setting vision communicating and project managing the change
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Managing change, setting vision, communicating, and project managing the change are all important elements of successfully implementing change in an organization. Change management involves creating a vision and communicating that vision to all stakeholders in the organization, as well as setting a timeline for the change and managing any associated projects to ensure that the change is successfully implemented.
Managing change is a critical aspect of business success, and it involves setting a clear vision, effectively communicating that vision, and effectively managing the process of implementing the change. Setting a vision involves clearly defining the desired end state and the steps that need to be taken to achieve that state. Communicating the vision involves ensuring that all stakeholders are aware of the change and understand why it is necessary. Project managing the change involves creating a plan, monitoring progress, and making necessary adjustments along the way. By effectively managing change, setting a clear vision, communicating effectively, and project managing the process, businesses can successfully implement change and achieve their desired outcomes.
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The Investment Company Act of 1940, often just called the "’40 Act," is one of the legislative cornerstones of the American financial system. Mutuals Funds are an example of an investment vehicles that must be registered under the Act. As a result, Mutual Funds are often called "40 Act Funds."
True or False
What are the two most important documents an investor should read about a Mutual Fund before investing?
a)The Prospectus and Board Resolutions
b)The Fact Sheet and Form Antecedent #1
c)The Prospectus and the Series Footnotes
d)The Fact Sheet and the Fund Prospectus
Answers
The Given statement "The Investment Company Act of 1940, often just called the "’40 Act," is one of the legislative cornerstones of the American financial system. As a result, Mutual Funds are often called "40 Act Funds" is True.
The two most important documents an investor should read about a Mutual Fund before investing The Fact Sheet and the Fund Prospectus. Option D is correct.
1. The Fact Sheet provides a summary of the Mutual Fund's investment objective, performance, fees, and portfolio holdings. It is typically one to two pages long and is designed to be easy to read and understand.
2. The Fund Prospectus, on the other hand, is a more detailed document that includes information about the Mutual Fund's investment strategy, risks, fees, and other important information. It is required by law to be provided to investors before they invest in the Mutual Fund.
3. Both the Fact Sheet and the Fund Prospectus are important documents for investors to read and understand before investing in a Mutual Fund. They provide important information about the Mutual Fund and can help investors make informed investment decisions.
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Problem 4-18 Cost–Volume–Profit Analysis; Degree of Operating Leverage [LO1, LO3, LO4, LO5, LO8] Feather Friends, Incorporated, distributes a high-quality wooden birdhouse that sells for $20 per unit. Variable expenses are $8 per unit, and fixed expenses total $200,000 per year. Its operating results for last year were as follows:
Answers
The break-even point for Feather Friends, Incorporated is 16,667 units, the margin of safety is 8,333 units, the degree of operating leverage is 3, and the operating income is $100,000.
1. Break-even point: The break-even point is the point at which total revenue equals total costs. It can be calculated by dividing the fixed expenses by the contribution margin per unit (selling price - variable expenses). In this case, the break-even point is:
Break-even point = $200,000 / ($20 - $8) = $200,000 / $12 = 16,667 units
2. Margin of safety: The margin of safety is the difference between the actual sales and the break-even point. It can be calculated by subtracting the break-even point from the actual sales. In this case, the margin of safety is:
Margin of safety = Actual sales - Break-even point = 25,000 units - 16,667 units = 8,333 units
3. Degree of operating leverage: The degree of operating leverage is a measure of how sensitive the operating income is to changes in sales. It can be calculated by dividing the contribution margin by the operating income. In this case, the degree of operating leverage is:
Degree of operating leverage = Contribution margin / Operating income = ($12 x 25,000 units) / ($12 x 25,000 units - $200,000) = $300,000 / $100,000 = 3
4. Operating income: The operating income is the difference between the total revenue and the total expenses. It can be calculated by subtracting the total expenses from the total revenue. In this case, the operating income is:
Operating income = Total revenue - Total expenses = ($20 x 25,000 units) - ($8 x 25,000 units + $200,000) = $500,000 - $400,000 = $100,000
Therefore, the break-even point, margin of safety, degree pf operating leverage and the operating income for Feather Friends Incorporated is 16,667 units, 8,333 units, 3, and $100,000 respectively.
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Suppose, on a very tiresome day, you and your friend have decided to visit Tabaq Coffee. While drinking cappuccino you and your friend have come up with an idea to engage in a similar business like this in your locality. In order to draft the ordering process your friend wants to draw a business process model. Now please help your friend to draw a BPMN 2.0 diagram using the following details:
Customer:
Ask baristas for menu.
If a touchless menu is preferred, then scan the QR code available on the table. Otherwise, receive a menu from the barista.
Check if cappuccino coffee is available. Otherwise, select another item.
Place order. Customers may also add cookies to the order.
Get a token for the order and simultaneously, receive a money receipt.
Receive ordered items.
Rate Tabaq coffee shop.
Cashier:
Receive order from customer.
Generate a bill for the selected item.
Receive payment from customer.
Save order for preparation with status set to pending.
Give a token and a money receipt to the customer for the order.
Presenter:
Receive new order.
Prepare food as per the order.
Present to the customer when prepared.
Update order status as delivered.
Answers
The process of BPMN diagram begins with a Customer asking a Barista for the menu.
Below is a BPMN 2.0 diagram illustrating the ordering process for Tabaq Coffee:
The process of BPMN diagram begins with a Customer asking a Barista for the menu. If the Customer prefers a touchless menu, they can scan the QR code available on the table. If not, they will receive a menu from the Barista. The Customer then checks if Cappuccino coffee is available, and if not, they select another item. They then place their order, and they may also add cookies to the order. After that, they receive a token for the order and a money receipt. Finally, they receive the ordered items and rate the Tabaq Coffee shop.
The Cashier will then receive the order from the Customer, generate a bill for the selected item, receive payment from the Customer, save the order for preparation with status set to pending, and give a token and a money receipt to the Customer for the order.
Finally, the Presenter will receive the new order, prepare the food as per the order, present it to the Customer when prepared, and update the order status as delivered.
In conclusion, BPMN diagrams can be used to model a wide range of business processes, from simple linear processes to complex workflows with multiple decision points and loops. They provide a clear and concise representation of the process that can be easily understood by both technical and non-technical stakeholders, making them a useful tool for process improvement and communication.
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PROBLEM 1-5 (LOS) Transaction Analysis and Table The following transactions occurred for Olivier Bondar Ltd., an restaurant management consulting service, during May 2016: May 1 Received a cheque in the amount or 55.000 from TUV Restaurant Ltd. for a restaurant food cleanliness assessment to be conducted in June May I Paid $5,000 for office rent for the month of May. May 2 Purchased orice supplies for $3.000 on account May 3 Completed a consultation project for MeDanny's Restaurant and billed them $27.000 for the work May 4 Purchased a laptop computer for $3.000 in exchange for a note payable duc in 45 days, May 5 Olivier Bondar was a little short on cash, so the manager made an application for a bank loan in the amount of $20,000. It is expected that the bank will make their decision regarding the long next week, May 6 Received an invoice from the utilities company for electricity in the amount of $300 May 10 Bank approved the loan and deposited $20,000 into Olivier Bondar's bank account First loan payment is due on June 10. May 11 Paid for several invoices outstanding from April for goods and services received for a total of $8.000. The breakdown of the invoice costs are: telephone expense $500: advertising expense $3.000; office furniture $2,000: office supplies $2,500. May 13 Paid employee salaries owing from May I to May 13 in the amount of $3,000. May 14 Completed consulting work for a U.S. client and invoiced $18,000 US (US funds). The Canadian equivalent is $25,000 CAD. May 15 Received $25,000 cash for work done and invoiced in April. May 18 Hired a new employee who will begin work on May 25. Salary will be $2.500 every two weeks May 21 Placed an order request for new shelving for the office. Catalogue price is $2,500. May 27 Paid employee salaries owing from May 14 to May 27 in the amount of $3,500. May 29 The bookkeeper was going to be away for two weeks, so the June rent of $5.000 was paid May 31 Reimbursed $50 in cash to an employee for use of his personal vehicle for company business on May 20. May 31 Shelving unit ordered on May 21 was delivered and installed. Total cost was $3,000, including labour. including labour Required: Create a table with the following column heading and opening balances Below the opening balance, number cach row from 1 to 18 Accounts once Prepaid Equipment once Account Note/Land Share Retained receivable supplies expenses furniture payable payable rovenue capital camins Open +10,000/+25,000 2.0000 25,000 +15.000 350000 0 -8.000 34.000 Bal 1 2 3 4. 5 7 18 19 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 78 Bal Using the table as shown in Figure 1.3 of the text, complete the table for the 18 items listed in May and total each column. If any of the items are not to be recorded, leave the row blank. PROBLEM 1-6 (LOS) Transaction Analysis and Table Required: Lising the data from the table la PROBLEM 1-5. prepare the balance sheet as at May 31, 2016
Answers
Olivier Bondar Ltd. Balance Sheet as at May 31, 2016 was Total Assets: $210,450, Total Liabilities: $55,800 and Total Liabilities and Shareholder's Equity: $210,450
A balance sheet is a financial statement that details a company's assets and liabilities at a specific point in time. It is one of the three basic financial statements used to assess a company's performance (the other two being the income statement and cash flow statement).
Balance Sheet as at May 31, 2016
Assets:
Cash: $99,450
Account receivable: $52,000
Prepaid expenses: $7,000
Office supplies: $6,000
Equipment: $28,000
Furniture: $18,000
Total Assets: $210,450
Liabilities:
Account payable: $49,800
Note payable: $6,000
Total Liabilities: $55,800
Shareholder's Equity:
Share capital: $8,000
Retained earnings: $34,000
Total Shareholder's Equity: $42,000
Total Liabilities and Shareholder's Equity: $210,450
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Assume that a manufacturer of shoes wishes a market analysis on how to enter the most profitable markets in Africa. Using the VALS categories of lifestyle, choose a product and two different segments, and describe how the positioning and communication strategies would differ for the two segments. Describe the trait-factor theory of personality and assess its importance in past and future marketing research.
(Write at least 400 words
Answers
VALS, or Values and Lifestyles, is a framework used by marketers to segment consumers based on their psychological traits, values, and lifestyles. These categories are important for understanding consumer behavior and preferences, and can be used to develop targeted marketing strategies for different segments.
For this analysis, let's assume that the manufacturer of shoes is looking to enter the African market with a new line of running shoes. The two segments we will focus on are the Achievers and the Strivers.
Achievers are individuals who are goal-oriented and driven by success. They value stability, status, and recognition, and are likely to purchase products that reflect their success and status. Strivers, on the other hand, are individuals who aspire to achieve the same level of success as Achievers, but may not have the financial resources to do so. They are likely to purchase products that reflect their aspirations and help them feel successful.
In terms of positioning, the manufacturer would need to position the running shoes differently for the two segments. For Achievers, the shoes should be positioned as high-quality, durable, and designed for performance. The messaging should focus on the features and benefits of the shoes, such as superior cushioning and support, and should highlight the shoes' ability to help Achievers achieve their fitness goals. For Strivers, the shoes should be positioned as affordable yet stylish, with messaging that emphasizes the shoes' ability to help Strivers look and feel successful.
The communication strategies for the two segments would also differ. For Achievers, the manufacturer could use targeted advertising on professional networking sites, such as LinkedIn, or sponsor events and athletes that appeal to this segment. For Strivers, the manufacturer could use social media influencers and celebrity endorsem*nts to promote the shoes, as well as offering discounts and promotions to make the shoes more affordable.
The trait-factor theory of personality is a framework that suggests that an individual's personality is determined by a combination of traits and factors. These traits and factors can include an individual's values, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors, and can influence their preferences and decision-making. The theory is important for marketers because it helps them understand consumer behavior and preferences, and can be used to develop targeted marketing strategies for different segments.
In the past, the trait-factor theory has been used to segment consumers based on their personality traits and to develop targeted marketing strategies for different segments. For example, marketers may use the theory to identify consumers who are more likely to be early adopters of new products, or who are more likely to be influenced by social media influencers.
In the future, the trait-factor theory is likely to continue to be an important tool for marketers, as it can help them understand consumer behavior and preferences in an increasingly complex and competitive marketplace. By understanding the traits and factors that influence consumer behavior, marketers can develop more effective marketing strategies that are tailored to the needs and preferences of different segments.
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In finding your target market, factors such as age, gender, education, and marital status would be part of your ____________ considerations.
behavioral
demographic
geographic
psychographic
Answers
Answer:behavioral
Explanation:
Answer:
Demographic
Explanation:
the answer is Demographic
True/False and Explain:
when a firm issues debt, its stock price will always
increase.
Answers
The statement "when a firm issues debt, its stock price will not always increase" is False.
Issuing debt can have a variety of effects on a company's stock price. In some cases, issuing debt can cause a company's stock price to increase. This is because debt financing can provide a company with the funds it needs to grow and expand, which can lead to increased profits and, in turn, an increase in stock price.
However, issuing debt can also cause a company's stock price to decrease. This is because debt financing increases a company's financial leverage, which can make the company more vulnerable to economic downturns and other financial risks. Additionally, issuing debt can increase a company's interest expenses, which can reduce its profits and, in turn, lower its stock price.
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Describe the components of your will and how you will specify each one.
Answers
1. Introduction: The Introduction of a will is a brief statement that identifies the testator (the person making the will) and states that the document is a last will and testament.
What is Testament ?
Testament is a legal document, usually written, that sets out a person's wishes regarding the distribution of their property and possessions after they die. It can also be used to refer to any formal declaration of a person's intentions, beliefs, or instructions. Testament is important to ensure that a person's wishes regarding their possessions are carried out after they pass away. It is a way to ensure their legacy lives on and their wishes are respected. Testament can be used to assign guardianship of any minor children, establish trusts and foundations, and provide funds to organizations and charities. I
2. Beneficiaries: The Beneficiaries section of a will names the individuals and/or organizations that will receive gifts or inheritances from the testator’s estate. This includes family members, friends, charities, and other organizations.
3. Executor: The Executor of a will is the person appointed by the testator to manage their estate and ensure that the provisions of the will are carried out. The testator should designate a responsible and trusted individual to serve as executor.
4. Assets: The Assets section of a will lists all of the testator’s assets and specifies who will receive them. This includes any real estate, vehicles, investments, bank accounts, life insurance policies, and other valuables.
5. Disbursem*nt of Debts: The Disbursem*nt of Debts section of a will identifies any debts the testator has, and specifies how those debts will be paid.
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Supply management must maintain a number of communication flows and links between other key groups within and external to the organization. Explain GM`s supply management`s relationship with internal linkages, within the organization as well as external linkages that may have been important in avoiding the mistakes in supplier selection. (18marks supply chain management 2B)
Answers
Supply management is an important aspect of any organization as it helps to maintain a number of communication flows and links between other key groups within and external to the organization. GM's supply management has a relationship with both internal and external linkages that are crucial in avoiding mistakes in supplier selection.
Internal linkages within the organization include the relationships between supply management and other departments such as engineering, manufacturing, and finance. These relationships are important in ensuring that the right suppliers are selected and that the organization's needs are met.
For example, supply management must work closely with engineering to ensure that the selected suppliers can meet the technical requirements of the organization. Similarly, supply management must work with manufacturing to ensure that the selected suppliers can meet the production requirements of the organization. Finally, supply management must work with finance to ensure that the selected suppliers can meet the financial requirements of the organization.
External linkages are also important in avoiding mistakes in supplier selection. These include relationships with suppliers, customers, and other stakeholders.
For example, supply management must work closely with suppliers to ensure that they can meet the organization's requirements. Similarly, supply management must work with customers to ensure that the selected suppliers can meet the customer's requirements. Finally, supply management must work with other stakeholders such as regulators and industry associations to ensure that the selected suppliers can meet the regulatory and industry requirements.
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Kilmer Corporation began the year with retained earnings of $930,000. During the year, the company issued $1,260,000 of common stock, recorded expenses of $3,600,000, and paid dividends of $240,000. If Kilmer's ending retained earnings was $990,000, what was the company's revenue for the year?
a. $3,660,000
b. $3,900,000
c. $50,169,000
d. $4,920,000
Answers
The company's revenue for the year $3,900,000. The correct answer is b.
To find the company's revenue for the year, we can use the formula:
Ending Retained Earnings = Beginning Retained Earnings + Revenue - Expenses - Dividends
We can rearrange this formula to solve for revenue:
Revenue = Ending Retained Earnings - Beginning Retained Earnings + Expenses + Dividends
Plugging in the given values:
Revenue = $990,000 - $930,000 + $3,600,000 + $240,000
Simplifying:
Revenue = $60,000 + $3,600,000 + $240,000
Revenue = $3,900,000
Therefore, the company's revenue for the year was $3,900,000. The correct answer is b.
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Read the following scenario before answering the questions that follow.
As the CEO of her company, one of Bethany’s annual priorities is to assist Anthony – her Chief Financial Officer (CFO) – in planning and calculating WorkWizard’s budget for the coming year. Every year, a key part of budgeting involves figuring out how best to divide the budget across potential investment opportunities. Although WorkWizard constantly identifies, and is inundated with, investment opportunities, the limited budget allocated to investments means that each opportunity needs to be carefully assessed. Once this is done, Bethany and her executive committee choose the most appropriate, and most financially-sound investment options, leaving the remainder of WorkWizard’s budget available for any expenses throughout the year.
In the past week, WorkWizard has received the following three investment proposals:
Option 1:
The first investment proposal is from Paper Trail, a company that specialises in utilising print media (such as newspapers, magazines, and flyers) to provide more publicity and exposure to businesses. In its proposal, Paper Trail details WorkWizard’s projected cash flow as a result of using its services over a five-year investment. Following an initial investment capital of R50,000, WorkWizard will receive cash inflows of R11,000 in year one, R7,500 in year two, R10,500 in year three, R12,000 in year four, and R15,000 in the final year.
Option 2:
The second investment proposal is from Data Detectives, a data consulting company comprising data analysts who are outsourced to companies to improve their data analysis capabilities. Through Data Detectives, companies are able to collect data about themselves and their clients, and analyse said data to draw conclusions around how to improve their services. Data Detectives also details WorkWizard’s projected cash flow as a result of using its services over a five-year investment period. Following an initial investment of R100,000, WorkWizard will receive cash inflows of R20,000 in year one, R25,000 in year two, R30,000 in year three, R15,000 in year four, and R40,000 in year five.
Option 3:
The third investment proposal is from The Green Agenda, a company focused on environmental sustainability and ensuring that companies (specifically large companies) remain environmentally conscious and lessen their impact on the environment. The Green Agenda has identified WorkWizard as being one such company that would benefit from its services, which range from introducing recycling initiatives to promoting a paperless workspace. In its proposal, The Green Agenda outlines WorkWizard’s projected cash flow through using its services over a five-year investment. Following an initial investment of R50,000, WorkWizard will receive cash inflows of R8,000 in year one, R10,000 in year two, R13,500 in year three, R16,500 in year four, and R13,000 in the final year as a result of efficiencies gained.
Based on the summaries of the proposals above, it is up to Bethany and her executive committee to decide which investment option to pursue, should any of them prove to be financially viable. In order to complete the necessary calculations, Bethany will be using an interest rate (required rate of return) of 6%. Additionally, Bethany’s CFO informs her that the internal rate of return that they will need for their calculations is also 6%. This is because he believes that they can earn a 6% return by investing in their own shares.
The current investment budget that Bethany and the executive committee have to plan with is limited at R100,000 for local investments. While Bethany may choose to use the budget to invest in one or more of the many investment proposals that WorkWizard is inundated with, she also has the option to invest the money in other investment assets, such as shares, bonds, or an alternative asset class.
Question 1
1.1 If Bethany chooses to reinvest the R100,000 local investment budget (at an internal rate of return of 6%) into purchasing shares in the company, calculate the FV of WorkWizard’s R100,000 investment, over a five-year period. (Max. 5 lines.)
1.2 If Bethany chooses to forego all investments, in favour of receiving a R100,000 cash inflow from one of WorkWizard’s external investors five years from now, what would the PV of that external investment (R100,000) be? (Max. 5 lines.)
Question 2
If you were the CEO of WorkWizard, which of the three investment options outlined in the case study would you choose to invest the R100,000 investment budget in? Your answer should include calculations around the net present value (NPV) of each investment, as well as a recommendation on whether or not to invest based on each option’s NPV and the allocated investment budget. Please note, this question is separate from Question 1. (Max. 30 lines.)
Answers
Answer 1.1
If Bethany chooses to reinvest the R100,000 local investment budget (at an internal rate of return of 6%) into purchasing shares in the company, the FV of WorkWizard’s R100,000 investment, over a five-year period would be:
FV = PV * (1 + r)^n
FV = R100,000 * (1 + 0.06)^5
FV = R100,000 * 1.3382255776
FV = R133,822.56
Answer 1.2
If Bethany chooses to forego all investments, in favour of receiving a R100,000 cash inflow from one of WorkWizard’s external investors five years from now, the PV of that external investment (R100,000) would be:
PV = FV / (1 + r)^n
PV = R100,000 / (1 + 0.06)^5
PV = R100,000 / 1.3382255776
PV = R74,730.16
Answer 2
If I were the CEO of WorkWizard, I would calculate the net present value (NPV) of each investment option to determine which one would be the most financially viable. The NPV of each investment option would be calculated as follows:
Option 1:
NPV = -R50,000 + (R11,000 / (1 + 0.06)^1) + (R7,500 / (1 + 0.06)^2) + (R10,500 / (1 + 0.06)^3) + (R12,000 / (1 + 0.06)^4) + (R15,000 / (1 + 0.06)^5)
NPV = -R50,000 + R10,377.36 + R6,677.01 + R8,838.65 + R9,056.18 + R10,610.36
NPV = -R4,440.44
Option 2:
NPV = -R100,000 + (R20,000 / (1 + 0.06)^1) + (R25,000 / (1 + 0.06)^2) + (R30,000 / (1 + 0.06)^3) + (R15,000 / (1 + 0.06)^4) + (R40,000 / (1 + 0.06)^5)
NPV = -R100,000 + R18,867.92 + R22,241.36 + R25,227.06 + R11,304.23 + R28,267.18
NPV = R5,907.75
Option 3:
NPV = -R50,000 + (R8,000 / (1 + 0.06)^1) + (R10,000 / (1 + 0.06)^2) + (R13,500 / (1 + 0.06)^3) + (R16,500 / (1 + 0.06)^4) + (R13,000 / (1 + 0.06)^5)
NPV = -R50,000 + R7,547.17 + R8,896.68 + R11,368.04 + R12,432.27 + R9,195.43
NPV = -R560.41
Based on the NPV calculations, Option 2 would be the most financially viable investment option, as it has the highest positive NPV of R5,907.75. Therefore, I would choose to invest the R100,000 investment budget in Option 2.
However, it is important to note that the allocated investment budget may not be sufficient to cover the initial investment of R100,000 for Option 2, so additional funding may need to be secured.
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Mr. Rahim, one of your friends is in opinion that a Government,irrespective of nature, have to exercise its power rigorously toimplement its taxation policy. Will you stand with your friend?
Answers
No, I will not stand with my friend's opinion that a government should exercise its power rigorously to implement its taxation policy.
It is important for a government to be fair and just in its implementation of taxation policies. Exercising power rigorously can lead to unequal treatment of citizens and can potentially harm those who are already struggling financially. It is important for a government to take into consideration the needs and circ*mstances of its citizens when implementing taxation policies. Additionally, a government should be transparent and accountable in its use of taxation revenue in order to maintain trust and support from its citizens.
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1. You have $12,000 to invest. You need the money in 13 years, and you expect to earn 6% per year. How much will you have in 13 years? 2. Steven needs $180,000 in 10 years for his daughter's education. If he can earn 6.5% per year, how much does he need to invest today?
3. You have $25,000 to invest and you need $80,000 for a down payment and closing costs on a house. If you want to buy the house in 7 years, what rate of interest do you need to earn?
4. You have $13,000 to invest right now and you figure you will need $25,000 to buy a new car. If you can earn 7.5% per year, how long before you can buy the car?
5. Consider the cash flows presented in the table below. What is the value of the cash flows in year 4 if the interest rate is 8 percent compounded annually?
Year Cash Flow
36528
36558
36589
36621
6. Consider the cash flows presented in the table below. What is the present value if the appropriate interest rate is 6 percent compounded annually?
Year Cash Flow
36526
36559
36587
36621
36652
7. What is the present value of $6,000 per year for 11 years if the interest rate is 5.3%?
8. You are going to borrow $550,000 to buy a house. What will your monthly payment be if the annual interest rate is 4.2 percent, and you borrow the money for 30 years?
9. You borrow $50, 000 to be repaid in 4 equal payments at the end of each of the next 4 years. The bank charges 4.8 percent compounded annually. Prepare the loan amortization schedule.
Answers
Explanation:
Using the formula for compound interest, we have:
A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt)
where A is the amount at the end of the investment period, P is the initial investment, r is the annual interest rate, n is the number of times the interest is compounded per year, and t is the number of years.
Plugging in the given values, we get:
A = 12000(1 + 0.06/1)^(1*13) = $24,343.43
Using the formula for present value of a future sum, we have:
PV = FV / (1 + r)^t
where PV is the present value, FV is the future value, r is the interest rate per year, and t is the number of years.
Plugging in the given values, we get:
PV = 180000 / (1 + 0.065)^10 = $94,297.50
Using the formula for future value of a present sum, we have:
FV = PV(1 + r/n)^(nt)
where FV is the future value, PV is the present value, r is the annual interest rate, n is the number of times the interest is compounded per year, and t is the number of years.
We need to find the interest rate that will give us a future value of $80,000 in 7 years, with an initial investment of $25,000. We can use trial and error, or a financial calculator or spreadsheet, to find the interest rate that satisfies this condition.
Plugging in some values, we find that an interest rate of approximately 9.32% will give us a future value of $80,000 in 7 years.
Using the formula for the number of years required to reach a future value, we have:
t = ln(FV/PV) / ln(1 + r/n)
where t is the number of years, FV is the future value, PV is the present value, r is the annual interest rate, and n is the number of times the interest is compounded per year.
Plugging in the given values, we get:
t = ln(25000/13000) / ln(1 + 0.075/1) = 8.29 years.
Therefore, it will take approximately 8.29 years to reach a future value of $25,000 with an initial investment of $13,000 at an annual interest rate of 7.5%.
To find the value of the cash flows in year 4, we need to discount each cash flow to its present value using the formula:
PV = FV / (1 + r)^n
where PV is the present value, FV is the future value, r is the interest rate, and n is the number of years.
Then, we sum up the present values of all the cash flows.
PV(Year 1) = 36528 / (1 + 0.08)^1 = $33,800.93 PV(Year 2) = 36558 / (1 + 0.08)^2 = $30,425.55 PV(Year 3) = 36589 / (1 + 0.08)^3 = $27,398.64 PV(Year 4) = 36621 / (1 + 0.08)^4 = $24,689.89
Therefore, the total present value of the cash flows in
The income statement of the Bryant Corporation is as follows:
Bryant Corportaion
Income Statement
For the year ended December 31, 2011
Sales $350,000
Cost of Goods sold $125,000
Gross Margin $225,000
Operating Exp (other than depreciation) $60,000
Depreciation $20,000 $80,000
Net Income $145,000
Changes in current assets (other than cash) and current liabilities during the year were:
Accounts receivable increase of $10,000
inventory decrease of $20,000
prepaid insurance increase $8000
accounts payable decrease $15,000
accured liabilities increase $4000
Depreciation is the only item impacting net income.
Required:
1.Prepare cash flow from operating activities under the direct method
2. prepare cash flow from operating activities under the indirect method.
Answers
Both the direct and indirect methods result in the same cash flow from operating activities of $156,000.
1. Cash flow from operating activities under the direct method:
Cash received from customers = Sales - Increase in accounts receivable = $350,000 - $10,000 = $340,000
Cash paid for inventory = Cost of goods sold - Decrease in inventory + Decrease in accounts payable = $125,000 - $20,000 + $15,000 = $120,000
Cash paid for operating expenses = Operating expenses (other than depreciation) + Increase in prepaid insurance - Increase in accrued liabilities = $60,000 + $8,000 - $4,000 = $64,000
Cash flow from operating activities = Cash received from customers - Cash paid for inventory - Cash paid for operating expenses = $340,000 - $120,000 - $64,000 = $156,000
2. Cash flow from operating activities under the indirect method:
Net income = $145,000
Adjustments for non-cash items:
Depreciation = $20,000
Changes in current assets and current liabilities:
Increase in accounts receivable = -$10,000
Decrease in inventory = $20,000
Increase in prepaid insurance = -$8,000
Decrease in accounts payable = -$15,000
Increase in accrued liabilities = $4,000
Cash flow from operating activities = Net income + Adjustments for non-cash items + Changes in current assets and current liabilities = $145,000 + $20,000 - $10,000 + $20,000 - $8,000 - $15,000 + $4,000 = $156,000
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6. The treasurer is usually responsible the following functions of a corporation except: A. Raising new capital Cash B. management c. Banking relationships D. Internal accounting 7. The following are
Answers
The treasurer is not typically responsible for d. internal accounting within a corporation.
The treasurer of a corporation is typically responsible for a variety of financial functions, including raising new capital, managing cash, and maintaining banking relationships.
However, internal accounting is usually handled by a separate department or individual, such as a controller or chief financial officer.
In summary, the treasurer is responsible for the following functions of a corporation:
- Raising new capital
- Cash management
- Banking relationships
But not:
- Internal accounting
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1. If the Treasury bond yield in UK is 9% whereas you can borrow from Japan at 3% annual interest rates. If the one year forward rate is 100 Yen against GBP which is now trading at the spot rate of 152 Yen/GBP. If you can borrow one million Yen from Japan then how much profit can you make by conducting covered interest arbitrage in a year? Please show the steps.
2. If suddenly export goes up 10% annually due to Covid and every other thing remain constant then what will happen to the exchange rate between USD and taka. Make sure you draw a diagram to show your answer.
3. If you find out that 86.5 BDT/USD and 72.5 INR/USD but in the market 1 INR is exchanged for 1.21 taka. If you can borrow $500 and there is an arbitrage opportunity then conduct one arbitrage by drawing a diagram how would you do it and your profit.
4. A) If in 2010 one INR equals to 1.69 BDT but today it is 1.16 BDT then how much BDT has appreciated?
B) If Bid rate is 74.5 INR/USD and Bid-Ask spread is 0.66% then what should be the ASK rate of Indian Rupee?
Answers
1. The one year forward rate is 100 Yen against GBP which is now trading at the spot rate of 152 Yen/GBP, then conducting a covered interest arbitrage would yield a profit of 1,000,000 x (1.09 - 1.03) = 60,000 Yen in a year.
2. If the Bid rate of Indian Rupee is 74.5 INR/USD and the Bid-Ask spread is 0.66%, then the ASK rate of Indian Rupee would be 74.5 x (1 + 0.0066) = 75.019 INR/USD.
About the arbitrage
The steps for the arbitrage are as follows:
a) Borrow 1,000,000 Yen from Japan at 3% annual interest rate.
b) Exchange the 1,000,000 Yen for GBP at the spot rate of 152 Yen/GBP, so you would get 6,539,743.68 GBP.
c) Invest the 6,539,743.68 GBP at 9% annual interest rate for one year.
d) At the end of one year, exchange the GBP back to Yen at the one year forward rate of 100 Yen/GBP, to receive 6,539,743.68 x 100 = 653,974,368 Yen.
e) Pay back the 1,000,000 Yen loan to Japan plus the interest accrued at 3%, and you would be left with a profit of 653,974,368 - (1,000,000 x 1.03) = 60,000 Yen.
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What are the five steps to managing innovation?
Answers
The five steps to managing innovation are:
1. Identifying the need for change
2. Generating new ideas
3. Evaluating and selecting ideas
4. Implementing ideas
5. Tracking results and revising.
The five steps to managing innovation are as follows:
1. Identify opportunities for innovation: This step involves looking for potential areas for improvement within your organization or industry, and determining where innovation could have the greatest impact.
2. Develop an innovation strategy: This step involves creating a plan for how you will approach innovation, including what types of innovation you will pursue, and how you will measure success.
3. Build an innovation team: This step involves assembling a team of individuals with the skills and experience necessary to execute your innovation strategy.
4. Implement the innovation: This step involves putting your innovation plan into action, and ensuring that all necessary resources are in place to support the implementation.
5. Monitor and measure the results: This step involves tracking the progress of your innovation efforts, and determining whether they are achieving the desired results.
In summary, the five steps to managing innovation are identifying opportunities, developing a strategy, building a team, implementing the innovation, and monitoring and measuring the results.
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What marriott brand has deep roots in communities and iconic heritage that has garnered worldwide acceptance and trust?
Answers
Answer:
JW "Marriott" brand
Explanation:
ISTP-T create a paragraph connect to your personalities
Answers
The ISTP-T personality type is frequently associated with autonomous, analytical, and practical individuals. People with ISTP-T personalities frequently describe them as brave, daring, and self-assured.
What is ISTP-T?
One of the sixteen personality types identified by Isabel Myers and Katharine Briggs is known by the initials ISTP. Introverted, Sensing, Thinking, and Perceiving is its initials.
They are renowned for their capacity to take on difficult jobs and work through complicated issues.
They frequently choose to work alone or in small groups and are typically quite adept at analyzing situations, dissecting them into smaller components, and then developing original solutions.
They frequently exhibit risk-taking tendencies and a strong sense of independence. Individuals with this personality type frequently excel at changing their behavior to fit new circ*mstances.
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You should not put all of your eggs in one basket.
Diversification is essential and beneficial to your financial strategy. But to what extent will it be beneficial?
We have discussed the possibility of World War 3 (hopefully not!) as a result of Russia's confrontation with Ukraine. To which risk category does this belong? Do you believe that diversification might completely compensate for the war's investment loss?
Let me know what you think!
Answers
The phrase "Don't put all your eggs in one basket" is a metaphor for diversification, which means spreading out your investments among different types of assets or classes (stocks, bonds, mutual funds, real estate, etc.).
This mainly aims to minimize the potential risk associated with any one investment.
To what extent diversification will be beneficial will depend on the individual's portfolio, goals, and risk tolerance.
Risk associated with Russia's confrontation with Ukraine would fall into the category of political risk, which is a type of investment risk that arises from changes in a country's political or economic environment that could cause a negative change in the value of investments.
Diversification may not be able to completely compensate for losses related to political risk, but it can help to minimize the impact.
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What is the coupon rate for a bond with 6 years until maturity, a price of $984.32, and a yield to maturity of 7%? Interest is paid semi-annually
A. 3.34% B. 3.50% C. 6.68% D. 7.00%
Answers
The coupon rate for a bond with 6 years until maturity, a price of $984.32, and a yield to maturity of 7% is 6.68%.
The correct answer is C. 6.68%.
To find the coupon rate for a bond, we need to use the formula:
Coupon rate = (Annual interest payment / Face value of the bond) x 100
We are given the price of the bond ($984.32) and the yield to maturity (7%), but we need to find the annual interest payment in order to calculate the coupon rate.
To do this, we can use the formula:
Price of the bond = (Annual interest payment / Yield to maturity) x (1 - (1 + Yield to maturity)^-n)
Where n is the number of years until maturity.
Plugging in the given values, we get:
$984.32 = (Annual interest payment / 0.07) x (1 - (1 + 0.07)^-6)
Solving for the annual interest payment, we get:
Annual interest payment = $66.08
Now we can plug this value into the formula for the coupon rate:
Coupon rate = ($66.08 / $1000) x 100
Coupon rate = 6.68%
Therefore, the coupon rate for this bond is 6.68%, or answer choice C.
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Use the data in WAGE1. RAW for this exercise.
(i) Find the average education level in the sample. What are the lowest and highest years of education?
(ii) Find the average hourly wage in the sample. Does it seem high or low?
(iii) The wage data are reported in 1976 dollars. Using the Economic Report of the President (2011 or later), obtain and report the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for the years 1976 and 2010.
(iv) Use the CPI values from part (iii) to find the average hourly wage in 2010 dollars. Now does the average hourly wage seem reasonable?
(v) How many women are in the sample? How many men?
Answers
1. The lowest and highest years of education include 0 and 18 years. The average is 12.56 years
2. The average of hourly wage is about $5.90, which seems very low.
3. The CPI IS 56.9 and 184.0 in 1976 and 2010 respectively.
4. The hourly wage is reasonable.
5. There are 274 men and 252 women.
How to explain the information
The average will be:
= 6606.56 / 526
= 12.56
The average of variable education is about 12.6 years.
There are two people reporting zero years of education, and 19 people reporting 18 years of education.
The lowest year of education is zero.
The highest year of education is 18 years
CPI (Consumer Price Index) is the ratio of value of standard basket of goods and services calculated at the current year prices to the value of the same basket of goods and services calculated at base year prices.
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The Japanese yen is currently trading at a forward discount relative to the US dollar in the one-month forward market. An investor believes that the best forecast for the spot exchange rate one month from now is today’s spot exchange rate. Should this investor buy or sell yens in the one-month forward market now?
Answers
If the Japanese yen is currently trading at a forward discount relative to the US dollar in the one-month forward market, and the investor believes that the best forecast for the spot exchange rate one month from now is today's spot exchange rate, then the investor should sell yens in the one-month forward market now.
This is because a forward discount means that the forward exchange rate is lower than the spot exchange rate. If the investor believes that the spot exchange rate one month from now will be the same as today's spot exchange rate, then they will be able to sell the yen at a higher price in the spot market one month from now than they would be able to in the forward market now.
Therefore, by selling the yen in the one-month forward market now, the investor will be locking in a lower exchange rate and potentially missing out on the opportunity to sell at a higher exchange rate in the spot market one month from now.
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1. Examine the role of Budgeting in an organization. Elaborate
on the Budgeting cycle and the flow of budgets that are prepared to
eventually prepare the Budgeted Financial Statements.
Answers
Budgeting is an important process in an organization as it helps in planning and controlling the financial resources.
The process involves setting financial goals, creating a plan to achieve those goals, and monitoring the progress towards those goals. helps in allocating resources effectively and efficiently, and ensures that the organization stays within its financial means.
The cycle typically begins with the preparation of the master budget, which includes the sales budget, production budget, and the cash budget. The master budget is then used to prepare the , which include the budgeted income statement, budgeted balance sheet, and budgeted statement of cash flows. These statements provide an overview of the financial position and performance of the organization for the budgeted period.
The flow of budgets starts with the sales budget, which is used to prepare the production budget. The production budget is then used to prepare the direct materials budget, direct labor budget, and manufacturing overhead budget. These budgets are used to prepare the cost of goods sold budget, which is used to prepare the budgeted income statement. The budgeted income statement is used to prepare the budgeted balance sheet, which is used to prepare the budgeted statement of cash flows.
In conclusion, plays a crucial role in an organization by helping in the planning and controlling of financial resources. The cycle involves the preparation of various budgets, which are used to prepare the . These statements provide an overview of the financial position and performance of the organization for the budgeted period.
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If the expected inflation rate is 6% and the real rate is 2%,what should be the nominal rate of a risk-free government bond?8.12%9.18%9.14%10.21%8.07%
Answers
The nominal rate of a risk-free government bond should be 8.12%, which is calculated by subtracting the real rate (2%) from the expected inflation rate (6%).
The nominal rate of a risk-free government bond should be 8.12%. This is because the nominal rate is calculated by adding the expected inflation rate and the real rate. In this case, the expected inflation rate is 6% and the real rate is 2%, so the nominal rate would be 6% + 2% = 8%. Therefore, the correct answer is 8.12%.
Here is the formula for calculating the nominal rate:
Nominal rate = Expected inflation rate + Real rate
So in this case, the calculation would be:
Nominal rate = 6% + 2% = 8.12%
It is important to note that the nominal rate is the rate of return on a risk-free government bond before taking into account the effects of inflation. The real rate, on the other hand, is the rate of return after adjusting for inflation. Therefore, the nominal rate is always higher than the real rate.
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Thornley Machines is considering a 3-year project with an initial cost of $618,000. The project will not directly produce any sales but will reduce operating costs by $265,000 a year. The equipment is depreciated straight-line to a zero book value over the life of the project. At the end of the project the equipment will be sold for an estimated $60,000. The tax rate is 34%. The project will require $23,000 in extra inventory for spare parts and accessories. Should this project be implemented if Thornley's requires a 9% rate of return? Why or why not?
Answers
The NPV is positive, the project should be implemented. It will provide a return that is greater than the required rate of return of 9%.
To determine whether the project should be implemented, we need to calculate the net present value (NPV) of the project and compare it to the required rate of return. The NPV is the present value of the expected cash flows from the project, minus the initial cost. If the NPV is positive, then the project should be implemented.
Initial cost: $618,000
Annual cost savings: $265,000
Depreciation: $618,000 / 3 = $206,000 per year
Salvage value: $60,000
Tax rate: 34%
Required rate of return: 9%
Year 0:
- Initial cost: -$618,000
- Extra inventory: -$23,000
Total cash flow for year 0: -$641,000
Year 1:
- Cost savings: $265,000
- Depreciation: -$206,000
- Taxes: (265,000 - 206,000) * 0.34 = -$20,060
Total cash flow for year 1: $38,940
Year 2:
- Cost savings: $265,000
- Depreciation: -$206,000
- Taxes: (265,000 - 206,000) * 0.34 = -$20,060
Total cash flow for year 2: $38,940
Year 3:
- Cost savings: $265,000
- Depreciation: -$206,000
- Salvage value: $60,000
- Taxes: (265,000 - 206,000 + 60,000) * 0.34 = -$40,180
Total cash flow for year 3: $78,820
NPV = -$641,000 + ($38,940 / 1.09) + ($38,940 / 1.09^2) + ($78,820 / 1.09^3) = $3,140.29
Since the NPV is positive, the project should be implemented. It will provide a return that is greater than the required rate of return of 9%.
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Identify the capabilities that reside within Tesla Motors Inc. Evaluate the extent to which these capabilities provide the company with a competitive advantage (Read relevant research articles and case studies - online).
Answers
The capabilities that reside within Tesla Motors Inc. include innovation, technological advancement, and strong branding.
Innovation: Tesla is known for its innovative approach to the automotive industry. The company's use of electric powertrains, over-the-air software updates, and autopilot technology set it apart from its competitors.
Technological Advancement: Tesla's electric vehicles are among the most technologically advanced in the world. The company's use of lithium-ion battery technology allows its vehicles to have a longer range than many of its competitors.
Strong Branding: Tesla's strong branding has made it one of the most recognizable and desirable brands in the automotive industry. The company's emphasis on sustainability and luxury appeal to a wide range of consumers.
These capabilities provide Tesla with a competitive advantage by allowing the company to differentiate itself from its competitors and attract a loyal customer base. However, it is important to note that other companies are also investing in electric vehicle technology and may eventually catch up to Tesla's capabilities. It is crucial for Tesla to continue innovating and staying ahead of its competitors in order to maintain its competitive advantage.
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Q1. Examine with suitable examples, how "organization strategy provides a valuable contribution in achieving organization vision?" Give an example of a Saudi company and assess two examples of organizational strategies and operating plans.
Answers
Organization strategy is a crucial part of achieving an organization's vision. By implementing effective organizational strategies, a company can align its actions and decisions with its overall goals and objectives. These strategies can include things like setting clear goals, developing strong leadership, and creating a culture of accountability.
One example of a Saudi company that has successfully implemented organizational strategies is Saudi Aramco. This company has set clear goals for itself, including becoming the world's leading integrated energy and chemicals company. To achieve this goal, Saudi Aramco has developed strong leadership and created a culture of accountability.
Another example of organizational strategies is the use of operating plans. Operating plans are detailed, short-term plans that outline the steps a company will take to achieve its goals.
For example, a company may develop an operating plan to increase sales by 10% over the next year. This plan may include steps like expanding marketing efforts, developing new products, and increasing customer service. By implementing these steps, the company can achieve its goal of increasing sales.
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